I. Vision & Positioning
AESC is a next-generation blockchain infrastructure purpose-built for high‑concurrency, financial‑grade applications. Our mission is to deliver a sub‑second finality, 10,000+ TPS, and institution‑grade secure execution environment for on‑chain asset issuance, order matching, payment settlement, and regulatory‑compliant financial services.
Within the constraints of the classic blockchain trilemma, AESC achieves an order‑of‑magnitude performance improvement through a parallel execution engine, an optimized consensus pipeline, and modular state storage architecture—without compromising decentralization. On‑chain finance is no longer experimental; it is ready for production‑scale deployment.
II. Core Technical Architecture
2.1 Parallel Execution Engine: DAG + OCC
Most traditional blockchains rely on a strictly sequential execution model, where transactions are processed one by one and throughput is limited by single‑thread performance. AESC fundamentally redefines this execution paradigm.
DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) Dependency Modeling
- During block pre‑processing, AESC automatically analyzes transaction ReadSets and WriteSets to construct a dependency DAG
- Transactions without mutual dependencies are identified and executed in parallel, fully utilizing multi‑core CPU resources
- Dependent transactions are executed in topological order, ensuring deterministic and consistent results
OCC (Optimistic Concurrent Execution)
- Transactions are initially executed concurrently under the optimistic assumption of no conflicts
- After execution, the system performs conflict validation
- Only transactions with detected read/write conflicts are rolled back and re‑executed sequentially
- In real‑world workloads, conflict rates are minimal, enabling near‑linear throughput scaling
ACL (Access Control List) Resource Tracking Framework
- Built‑in ACLs precisely track the resources accessed by each transaction
- Conflict detection operates at the storage‑slot level, rather than the account level
- This fine‑grained approach eliminates false conflicts and further maximizes parallelism
Analogy: Traditional blockchains resemble a single‑lane highway where every vehicle must queue at the same toll booth. AESC operates like a multi‑lane intelligent highway—traffic flows concurrently wherever paths do not intersect, with coordination only at true intersections.
2.2 Consensus–Execution Pipeline Optimization
Conventional blockchains follow a rigid execution sequence: consensus completes first, and execution begins afterward. AESC introduces a pipelined architecture that overlaps these stages.
- Pre‑execution during proposal: Transaction analysis and execution preparation begin during block proposal, not after consensus completion
- Asynchronous block commit: State persistence and the next consensus round proceed in parallel
- Epoch‑based batching: A default 60‑second epoch batches high‑frequency operations such as minting, rewards distribution, and fee burning
Result: End‑to‑end latency from transaction submission to confirmation is dramatically reduced, delivering a user experience comparable to centralized financial systems.
2.3 High‑Performance State Storage
- Custom state database engine optimized for blockchain read/write patterns
- IAVL Merkle tree to preserve full cryptographic proof capability
- Lazy flush mechanism: Non‑critical data written asynchronously
- State snapshots and historical queries support auditing and compliance
2.4 Performance Metrics
| Metric | Capability | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Theoretical Peak TPS | 12,500+ | Designed throughput ceiling under full parallel execution |
| Block Confirmation Time | ~400 ms | Typical latency from submission to confirmation |
| Transaction Finality | Single‑block | Powered by Tendermint BFT consensus |
| Parallel Execution | Near‑linear scaling | Throughput scales with available CPU cores |
| EVM Compatibility | Full Shanghai support | Complete support for Ethereum Shanghai and earlier opcodes |
III. Native EVM Compatibility
AESC is not merely an EVM‑compatible chain; the EVM execution environment is deeply integrated into the core infrastructure.
3.1 Dual‑View RPC Architecture
- Standard `eth_` endpoints: Fully compliant with the Ethereum JSON‑RPC specification
- Enhanced `aesc_` endpoints: Unified view of both EVM and Cosmos‑native transactions
3.2 Precompiled Contract Acceleration
| Precompile Module | Functionality | Gas Efficiency |
|---|---|---|
| Bank Module | Native token transfers | ~3,000 gas (vs. ~80,000 in standard contracts) |
| USDT Precompile | USDT transfers and EIP‑3009 authorizations | Native‑level performance |
| Staking | Delegation and validator operations | No contract deployment required |
| Oracle | On‑chain oracle data access | Low‑latency, low‑cost reads |
| Governance | On‑chain governance actions | Direct protocol participation |
3.3 Chain Configuration
| Network | Cosmos Chain ID | EVM Chain ID | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mainnet | aesc‑mainnet‑1 | 71600 | Production |
| Testnet | aesc‑testnet‑1 | 71601 | Public testing |
| Devnet | aesc‑devnet‑1 | 71602 | Development and integration |
IV. x402 Payment Relay Protocol
x402 introduces a standardized payment layer for on‑chain services built around HTTP status code 402 (Payment Required).
Challenge: How can on‑chain services be consumed as easily as traditional APIs, while enabling automated, per‑request billing and settlement?
Key Advantages
- Gasless user experience: Users only need USDT
- Per‑transaction pricing: Flexible, usage‑based billing (default 0.01 USDT)
- EIP‑3009 standard: Secure, auditable authorized transfers
- Token‑agnostic: Any ERC‑20 supporting EIP‑3009 can be used
Use Cases
- Paid on‑chain APIs
- Usage‑based SaaS billing
- High‑frequency micropayments (IoT, AI agents)
- Unified settlement layer for on‑chain and off‑chain services
V. Tokenized Securities (RWA)
Why AESC
Performance
- Sub‑second confirmation → T+0 settlement
- High throughput supports active trading
- Low latency, exchange-grade UX
Compliance
- Programmable KYC/AML
- Transparent audit trails
- Permissioned issuance models
- Native on‑chain governance
Target Asset Classes
| Asset Type | Representation | Key Advantage |
|---|---|---|
| Equities | ERC‑20 + compliance logic | Programmable voting and dividends |
| Funds | Redeemable tokens | Real‑time NAV calculation |
| Bonds | Maturity‑aware contracts | Automated coupons and redemption |
| Alternative Assets | NFTs / fractional tokens | Improved liquidity and accessibility |
VI. Technology Stack & Ecosystem
Core Technology Components
| Layer | Technology | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Consensus | Tendermint BFT (optimized) | Byzantine fault tolerance with instant finality |
| Execution | Parallel EVM + Cosmos SDK | DAG + OCC execution engine |
| Storage | Custom DB + IAVL | High‑performance state storage with proofs |
| Networking | Cosmos IBC | Native cross‑chain interoperability |
| Application | x402 Relayer + Precompiles | Payment relay and accelerated execution |
Developer‑Friendly Ecosystem
- MetaMask integration: Direct interaction with mainstream wallets
- Hardhat / Foundry / Remix: Full compatibility with Ethereum toolchains
- Multi‑language SDKs: Support for Go, JavaScript, Python
- One‑click Docker deployment: Rapid development and testing
VII. Key Application Scenarios
| Scenario | Description | Core Capability |
|---|---|---|
| On‑chain Exchanges | High‑frequency trading | Parallel execution |
| Stablecoin Payments | USDT settlement | Precompiles + x402 |
| Security Tokens | Regulated asset issuance | Compliance logic |
| Paid APIs | Usage‑based services | x402 protocol |
| DeFi | Lending, DEX, derivatives | EVM compatibility |
| Cross‑chain Settlement | Multi‑chain asset flows | IBC |
VIII. Roadmap
Phase 1 — Infrastructure
Mainnet launch, EVM compatibility refinement, x402 production rollout
Phase 2 — Ecosystem Building
Developer toolchain enhancement, foundational DeFi deployment, cross‑chain bridging
Phase 3 — RWA Implementation
Tokenized securities pilot, compliance framework integration, institutional onboarding
Phase 4 — Scale & Expansion
Continuous performance optimization, global validator expansion, broader asset class coverage
Summary
AESC is a blockchain infrastructure designed explicitly for financial‑grade applications
- ✓High performance through parallel execution
- ✓Superior UX via gasless USDT payments
- ✓Regulatory readiness with programmable compliance
- ✓Ecosystem compatibility across EVM and Cosmos
- ✓Sustainable economics through staking and deflation
AESC — Where Finance Meets Blockchain.